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ASTM D1480

Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Water and Brine

These test methods cover the determination of the specific gravity of water and brine free of separable oil. There are 4 methods, where Method D uses the hydrometer method. The range of the used hydrometers starts at 22 up to 27

The test is performed at 15,6°C or 60°F

The purpose of the standard is to determine the specific gravity of brine solutions and indirectly calculate the salt concentration

This is used in quality control in industries such as:

 

  • Oil and gas
  • Salt production
  • Cooling systems
  • Water treatment

The measurement is based on the buoyancy principle (Archimedes’ principle):

  • A hydrometer is placed into the sample.
  • The instrument floats higher or lower depending on the liquid density.
  • The hydrometer scale directly indicates the specific gravity (SG).
  • Temperature correction is required.
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    TV2000 ASTM D1480 Density by Bingham pycnometer
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General

ASTM D1480 is a standard test method for determining the density and relative density (specific gravity) of viscous materials using a Bingham pycnometer. The method is particularly suitable for liquids that are too viscous for hydrometer testing, such as lubricating oils, petroleum products, resins, and other viscous chemicals. Measurements are performed at a controlled temperature to provide accurate and reproducible density values for quality control, product identification, and specification compliance.

Precision

ASTM D1480 includes repeatability (r) and reproducibility (R) statements based on interlaboratory testing. The method provides excellent precision when a calibrated Bingham pycnometer is used under controlled temperature conditions. Proper sample preparation, elimination of air bubbles, and accurate temperature control are essential to achieve the specified precision.

Test

The method determines the density or relative density (specific gravity) of a viscous liquid by measuring the mass of a known volume contained in a calibrated Bingham pycnometer.

Reported results:

  • Density, kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m³) or grams per cubic centimetre (g/cm³)
  • Relative density (specific gravity), Dimensionless (no unit)

Results are typically reported together with the test temperature (e.g., 15 °C, 20 °C, or 25 °C) to ensure accurate comparison with product specifications.

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